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Jewelry Hygiene is an area of study focusing on sanitary practices and habits relating to jewelry in an effort to understand jewelry's effect on hand hygiene. There are four key elements to optimally sanitizing jewelry: steam or hot water, water pressure and an antibacterial cleaning agent. Hand hygiene is particularly acute for health workers and those working in the food service industry. == Jewelry and Hand Contamination == The relationship between wearing rings and the transmission of microorganisms is still unclear. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guideline has categorized this as an "unresolved issue" in need of additional research;〔Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-Care Settings. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 21002 Oct 25; 51 (RR-16).〕 the draft WHO guidelines also do not have a stated recommendation against the wearing of rings but note that "the consensus recommendation is to discourage the wearing of rings or other jewelry during healthcare." 〔World Health Organization (WHO) Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care. ''WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data.'' ISBN 978 92 4 159790 6.〕 A number of studies have shown that ring wearing increases the likelihood of bacterial contamination; in particular these studies have demonstrated that the skin under rings can be more heavily colonized than areas of skin without rings and can be a major contributor to hand contamination. Trick et al. (2003)〔Trick, WE, Vernon MO, Hayes RA, et al. Impact of ring wearing on hand contamination and comparison of hand hygiene agents in a hospital. ''Clinical Infectious Diseases.'' 2003; 36:1383-1390.〕 studied 66 surgical intensive care unit nurses, culturing each staff nurse's hands before and after he or she performed hand hygiene; they found that wearing rings was associated with a 10-fold higher median count of skin microorganisms, especially with yeast species or Gram-negative bacilli and a stepwise increase risk of contamination with any transient organism as the number of rings worn increased. Another study states that rings were the only substantial risk factor for carriage of Gram-negative bacteria and S. aureus on the hands.〔Hayes RA, Trick WE, Vernon MO, et al. Ring use as a risk factor (RF) for hand colonization in a surgical intensive care unit (SICU). Paper presented at 41st the Interscience Conference Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; 2001; December 16–19; Chicago, IL. Abstract K-1333.〕 Salsbury et al. (1997) 〔Salisbury D, Hutfilz P, Treen L, et al. The effect of rings in microbial load on healthcare workers' hands. ''Am J Infect Control.'' 1997; 25(1):24-27〕 found that there was a higher reduction after hand washing by healthcare workers without rings than by those with rings. The study included 100 hospital healthcare workers who worked on general medical and surgical units, excluding those who had used antimicrobial soap in the previous two weeks, had artificial nails, or were receiving antibiotics. Each healthcare worker who wore rings was paired with a worker from the same unit who did not wear rings. Cultures were taken from the solution poured over each healthcare worker's hands as they performed a 60-second friction rinse, done both before and after a routine handwash. Mean total colony counts for those who wore rings were higher before and after hand washing. Hoffman et al. (1985)〔Hoffman, P Cooke E, McCarville M, Emmerson A. Micro-organisms isolated from skin under wedding rings worn by hospital staff. ''British Medical Journal.'' 1985;290(6463):206-207.〕 reports that mean bacterial counts were higher on ring-wearing fingers (1600 compared to 180 for non-ring wearing fingers). They survey included 50 nurses working on medical and surgical wards who permanently wore rings and studied the microorganisms isolated from skin under the rings. Forty percent of these nurses (20 nurses) had Gram-negative bacilli on the skill under their rings, and 16 of these 20 nurses still had most strains each time the nurses were sampled during the five-month study. A similar study found that even after washing hands with povidone-iodine, those with rings had higher bacterial counts than those without.〔Wongworawat MO, Jones SG. Influence of rings on the efficacy of hand sanitization and residual bacterial contamination. ''Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol.'' 2007; 28:351-353.〕 The published research appears to show that jewelry is a significant vehicle for the transmission of pathogens and a driver of hand contamination. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jewelry hygiene」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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